Yellow Phosphor Having Oxyapatite Structure, Preparation Method and White Light-Emitting Diode Thereof

ABSTRACT

A yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure, preparation method and white light-emitting diode thereof are disclosed. The yellow phosphor has a chemical formula of (A 1−x Eu x ) 8−y B 2+y (PO 4 ) 6−y (SiO 4 ) y (O 1−z S z ) 2 , wherein A and Eu are divalent metal ions, B is a trivalent metal ion, 0&lt;x≦0.6, 0≦y≦6, and 0≦z≦1. A can be an alkaline earth metal, Mn or Zn. B can be a group 13 metal, a rare earth meal or Bi.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 099144785, filed Dec. 20, 2010, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The disclosure relates to a yellow phosphor. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a novel yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure for solid-state lighting application.

2. Description of Related Art

Since the invention of blue light-emitting InGaN-based chip in the early 20^(th) century, remarkable progress have been made in the development of commercially realized efficient white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). By the combination of blue emission from the InGaN-based chips and yellow emission based upon the downconversion of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (YAG:Ce)-based phosphors, the generated white light has already exceeded that of incandescent lamps and is competitive with conventional fluorescent lamps. WLEDs are energy-efficient, life-durable, and environment-friendly in comparison to the conventional light sources. However, the color quality of WLEDs still requires improvement with respect to the white hue tunability, color temperature, and color rendering. In particular, these properties are closely correlated to the general illumination.

For most of the currently applied phosphors in WLEDs system, they do not reach the optimal requirements for white light and show poor color rendition in red spectral region. Therefore, to find a suitable luminescent material for phosphor converted WLEDs (pc-WLEDs) is important to attain the optical requirements for white light.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure and a chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)(O_(1−z)S_(z))₂, wherein A and Eu are divalent metal ions, B is a trivalent metal ion, 0≦x≦0.6, 0≦y≦6, and 0≦z≦1. A can be a rare earth metal, Mn, or Zn. B can be a group 13 metal, a rare earth metal, or Bi.

According to an embodiment, the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆O₂ when both y and z are zero.

According to another embodiment, the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₂B₈(SiO₄)₆O₂ when y is 6 and z is zero.

According to yet another embodiment, the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆S₂ when y is zero and z is 1.

According to yet another embodiment, the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₂B₈(SiO₄)₆S₂ when y is 6 and z is 1.

In another aspect, this invention directs to a white-light emitting diode (WLED) comprising a blue light phosphor and the yellow phosphor above.

In yet another aspect, this invention also directs to a method of preparing the yellow phosphor above. The method comprises the following steps.

Stoichiometric amounts of raw materials for required elements of the yellow phosphor are weighed. The raw materials of the metals in the yellow phosphor is metal oxide or metal carbonate, the raw material of the phosphate in the yellow phosphor is (NH₄)₂HPO₄ or (NH₄)H₂PO₄, the raw material of the silicate in the yellow phosphor is silicon oxide, and the raw material of the sulfur in the yellow phosphor is sulfur powder. The weighed raw materials are then uniformly mixed. Next, the mixed raw materials are calcined in an environment containing oxygen at a temperature of 1200-1400° C. till a product having a pure oxyapatite phase is obtained. Finally, Eu³⁺ of the calcined product is reduced to Eu²⁺ in an NH₃ atmosphere at a temperature of 900-1200° C. to obtain the yellow phosphor above.

According to an embodiment, the calcined product can be further homogenized before the reducing step.

The forgoing presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure and it does not identify key/critical elements of the present invention or delineate the scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts disclosed herein in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Many of the attendant features will be more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of preparing the yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure.

FIGS. 2-5 are XRD, excitation, emission and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum of (Ca_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂.

FIG. 6 is the excitation and emission spectrum of Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂:0.03Eu²⁺ (depicted in solid line) and commercial yellow phosphor product of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (noted as YAG:Ce³⁺, depicted in dotted line).

FIGS. 7A-7E are excitation and emission spectrum of Examples 1-5, respectively.

FIGS. 8A-8H are excitation and emission spectrum of Examples 6-13, respectively.

FIG. 9 is excitation and emission spectrum of Example 14.

FIG. 10 is excitation and emission spectrum of Example 15.

FIG. 11 is the emission spectrum of the obtained WLEDs of Examples 16-24.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are schematically shown in order to simplify the drawing.

Europium (Eu) is a lanthanoid and commonly forms divalent compounds, since Eu(II) has a relative stable configuration 4f⁷. The excitation and emission spectrum of Eu(II) are both broad band. Thus, Eu(II) has been widely applied on light-emitting diodes. The color of the emitted light depends on crystal structure of the Eu divalent compounds and usually is toward blue. However, the excitation and emission spectrum of Eu(III) are both linear. Thus, phosphor applications of Eu(III) is limited.

In photoluminescence, apatite is an effective host. Many oxyapatites containing various rare earth metal have been synthesized. The oxyapatites have a chemical formula of Ca₈M₂(PO₄)₆O₂, wherein M is a trivalent rare earth metal ion. The series of Ca₈M₂(PO₄)₆O₂ can emit various wavelengths of light, such as visible light or near infra red light, by using various trivalent rare earth metal ions.

Furthermore, the phosphate ions of the above oxyapatites can be partially to totally replaced by silicate ions. The structure is called silicate oxyapatite when the phosphate ions in the oxyapatite are completely replaced by silicate ions to have the chemical formula of Ca₂M₈(SiO₄)₆O₂, wherein M is a trivalent rare earth metal ion to be responsible for emitting light. In Ca₂M₈(SiO₄)₆O₂, six Ca²⁺ are replaced by six M³⁺ to balance the six negative charges increased by the six silicate ions.

Yellow Phosphor Having Oxyapatite Structure

A yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure is provided. The yellow phosphor has a chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)(O_(1−z)S_(z))₂. A and Eu are divalent cations to replace the Ca²⁺ in the oxyapatite structure above. A can be a rare earth metal, Zn, or Mn. B is a trivalent metal cation to replace the rare earth metal cation in the oxyapatite structure above. B can be a group 13 metal, a rare earth metal, or Bi, wherein the group 13 metal can be Al, Ga, or In, the rare earth metal can be Sc, Y, or a lanthanoid, such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu. In the chemical formula above, the values of x, y, and z are 0≦x≦0.6, 0≦y≦6, and 0≦z≦1, respectively. The phosphate ions and the silicate ions occupy the same sites in the oxyapatite crystal structure, and O and S also occupy the same site in the oxyapatite crystal structure.

In some special conditions, the chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)(O_(1−z)S_(z))₂ can be simplified. Please see Table 1.

TABLE 1 Yellow phosphors having oxyapatite structure. y z Chemical formula structure 0 0 (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆O₂ oxyapatite 0-6 0 (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)O₂ Phosphate ions partially replaced by silicate ions 6 0 (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₂B₈(SiO₄)₆O₂ Silicate oxyapatite 0 1 (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆S₂ oxyapatite 0-6 1 (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)S₂ Phosphate ions partially replaced by silicate ions 6 1 (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₂B₈(SiO₄)₆S₂ Silicate oxyapatite

Since some literatures divide the element number in the chemical formula Ca₈M₂(PO₄)₆O₂ of the above oxyapatite to obtain the simplified chemical formula of Ca₄M(PO₄)₃O. Therefore, the chemical formulas of the above yellow phosphors can also be simplified by the same way. The simplified chemical formula can be expressed as (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(4−d)B_(1+d)(PO₄)_(3−d)(SiO₄)_(d)(O_(1−z)S_(z)), wherein the values of x and z are the same as above (0≦x≦0.6 and 0≦z≦1), and the value of d is 0≦d≦3.

Preparation Method of the Yellow Phosphors Having Oxyapaptite Structure

A preparation method of the yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure is provided. FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of preparing the yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure.

In step 110 of FIG. 1, according to the chemical formula of the desired yellow phosphor to respectively weigh stoichiometric amounts of raw materials. For metal ions of Eu, A, and B, corresponding metal oxides or metal carbonates can be the sources. For example, calcium oxide or calcium carbonate can be the sources of Ca ion. Eu₂O₃ can be the source of Eu(II/III) ions. As for phosphoate ions, (NH₄)₂HPO₄ or (NH₄)H₂PO₄ can be the sources. For silicate ions, silicon oxide can be the source. For sulfur, sulfur powder can be the source.

In step 120, the required raw materials are uniformly mixed by a method such as grinding. In step 130, the mixed raw materials are calcined under an atmosphere containing oxygen, such as air, at a temperature of 1200-1400° C. until a product having pure oxyapatite crystal phase is obtained. Since the calcination is performed in an environment containing oxygen, the Eu ions in the calcined product are all Eu(III). Therefore, Eu(III) occupying the Ca(II) sites in the oxyapatite structure needs to be reduced to Eu(II).

In step 140, the calcined product is homogenized again to more completely reduce the Eu(III) and increase the reduction rate of the following reduction reaction. The calcined product can be grinded again, for example. In step 150, the homogenized product is then reduced under ammonia atmosphere at a temperature of 900-1200° C. for about 10 hours.

Embodiment 1 Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ Doped with Various Amounts of Eu(II)

First, Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ was doped with various amounts of Eu²⁺ to replace Ca²⁺, to form a series of (Ca_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ (noted as Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂:xEu²⁺ in this embodiment). The related photoluminescence properties were observed. In the chemical formula (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)(O_(1−z)S_(z))₂ of this embodiment, A²⁺ is Ca²⁺, B³⁺ is La³⁺, and y=z=0, and x is 0, 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.050, 0.070, and 0.100.

FIGS. 2-5 are XRD, excitation, emission and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum of (Ca_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂. From XRD spectrum in FIG. 2, it can be known that the crystal structure of Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ is unchanged until 10 mol % doping amount of Eu²⁺.

The excitation spectrum in FIG. 3 was obtained by monitoring the emission at 630 nm. From FIG. 3, it can be known that the maximum absorption of blue light at 450 nm occurs when x is 0.030 (i.e. doping amount of Eu²⁺ is 3 mol %). The emission spectrum in FIG. 4 was obtained by exciting at 450 nm. From FIG. 4, it can be known that the maximum emission near 625 nm occurs when x is 0.030. From the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum in FIG. 5, it can be known that compounds of Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ doped with Eu²⁺ have strong absorption in the region below 500 nm. Contrarily, the undoped Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ nearly does not have any absorption in the region below 500 nm.

FIG. 6 is a comparison between the excitation and emission spectrum of Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂:0.03Eu²⁺ (depicted in solid line) and commercial yellow phosphor product of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (noted as YAG:Ce³⁺, depicted in dotted line). From FIG. 6, it can be known that Ca₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂:0.03Eu²⁺ has broader excitation and emission spectrum, and the emission wavelengths towards red light region. Therefore, the poor color rendition in the red light region of the conventional YAG:Ce³⁺ can be resolved by this new yellow phosphor.

Embodiment 2 Synthesis of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆O₂

When y=z=0, a chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆O₂ can be obtained. In the synthesized Examples of this embodiment, A²⁺ included 89 mol % of Ca²⁺ and 10 mol % of Mg²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mn²⁺, or Zn²⁺. The doping amount of Eu²⁺ was 1 mol %. B²⁺ was La²⁺.

Table 2 lists the 8-coordinated ionic radii of Mg²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Zn²⁺, and related photoluminescence data. From Table 2, it can be known that the emission range and wavelengths are almost the same, although the ionic radii of the various A²⁺ ions range from 89 pm to 142 pm. This result shows that the various A²⁺ ions have little influence on the excitation and emission properties of (Ca_(0.89)A_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂.

FIGS. 7A-7E are excitation and emission spectrum of Examples 1-5, respectively. From the spectrum in FIGS. 7A-7E, it can be known that the excitation and emission spectrum are similar for Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5, except for (Ca_(0.89)Mn_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ of Example 3. This result shows again that the various A²⁺ ions have little influence on the excitation and emission properties of (Ca_(0.89)A_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂.

TABLE 2 Photoluminescence properties of (Ca_(0.89)A_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ Ionic radii Excitation Emission of range range A²⁺ (peak) (peak) CIE Examples (pm) (nm) (nm) (x, y) 1 (Ca_(0.89)Mg_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂  89 240-500 480-800 (0.550, (450) (628) 0.441) 2 (Ca_(0.89)Zn_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂  90 240-500 480-800 (0.561, (450) (631) 0.432) 3 (Ca_(0.89)Mn_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂  96 240-500 420-800 (0.373, (370) (651) 0.329) 4 (Ca_(0.89)Sr_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 126 240-500 480-800 (0.544, (450) (623) 0.445) 5 (Ca_(0.89)Ba_(0.1)Eu_(0.01))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 142 240-500 480-800 (0.532, (450) (623) 0.454)

Embodiment 3 Synthesis of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆O₂

When y=z=0, a chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆O₂ can be obtained. In the synthesized Examples of this embodiment, A²⁺ was Ca²⁺, and doping amount of Eu²⁺ was 1 mol %. Moreover, B³⁺ included 90 mol % of La³⁺ and 10 mol % of Al³⁺, Ga³⁺, Sc³⁺, In³⁺, Lu³⁺, Y³⁺, or Gd³⁺.

Table 3 lists 6-coordinated ionic radii of Al³⁺, Ga³⁺, Sc³⁺, In³⁺, Lu³⁺, Y³⁺, or Gd³⁺, and photoluminescence data of the synthesized Examples above. From Table 3, it can be known that the emission range and wavelengths are almost the same, although the ionic radii of the various B³⁺ ions range from 53.5 pm to 103 pm. This result shows that the various B³⁺ ions have little influence on the excitation and emission properties of (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)B_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂.

FIGS. 8A-8H are excitation and emission spectrum of Examples 6-13, respectively. From the spectrum in FIGS. 8A-8H, it can be known that the excitation and emission spectrum are similar for Examples 6-12, except for (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Bi_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ of Example 13. This result shows again that the various B³⁺ ions have little influence on the excitation and emission properties of (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)B_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂.

TABLE 3 Photoluminescence properties of (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)B_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ Ionic Excitation Emission radii of range range CIE Examples B³⁺ (pm) (peak) (nm) (peak) (nm) (x, y)  6 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Al_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 53.5 240-500 480-800 (0.558, (450) (626) 0.435)  7 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Ga_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 62 240-500 480-800 (0.561, (450) (632) 0.431)  8 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Sc_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 74.5 240-500 480-800 (0.548, (450) (633) 0.441)  9 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)In_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 80 240-500 480-800 (0.564, (450) (631) 0.430) 10 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Lu_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 86.1 240-500 480-800 (0.558, (450) (638) 0.434) 11 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Y_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 90 240-500 480-800 (0.542, (450) (630) 0.445) 12 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Gd_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 93.8 240-500 480-800 (0.553, (450) (633) 0.438) 13 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈(La_(0.9)Bi_(0.1))₂(PO₄)₆O₂ 103 240-400 400-750 (0.214, (298) (458) 0.266)

Embodiment 4 Synthesis of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)O₂

When z=0, the chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)O₂ can be obtained. In the synthesized Example of this embodiment, A²⁺ was Ca²⁺, and the doping amount of Eu²⁺ was 1 mol %. Moreover, B³⁺ was La³⁺, and y=1. Therefore, the obtained chemical formula was (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₇La₃(PO₄)₅(SiO₄)O₂. The related photoluminescence properties are listed in Table 4, and the excitation and emission spectrum are shown in FIG. 9.

From Table 4 and FIG. 9, it can be known that the emission data of (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₇La₃(PO₄)₅(SiO₄)O₂ is similar to those of Examples 1-13 above. This result shows that the replacement of a phosphate ion by a silicate ion has little influence on the excitation and emission spectrum of these compounds.

TABLE 4 Photoluminescence properties of (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₇La₃(PO₄)₅(SiO₄)O₂ Excitation Emission range range (peak) (peak) CIE Examples (nm) (nm) (x, y) 14 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₇La₃(PO₄)₅(SiO₄)O₂ 240-500 480-800 (0.456, (410) (612) 0.448)

Embodiment 5 Synthesis of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆(O_(1−z)S_(z))₂

When y=0, a chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆(O_(1−z)S_(z))₂ can be obtained. In the synthesized Example of this embodiment, A²⁺ was Ca²⁺, and the doping amount of Eu²⁺ was 1 mol %. Moreover, B³⁺ was La³⁺, and z=0.1. Therefore, the obtained chemical formula was (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈La₃(PO₄)₆(O_(0.9)S_(0.1))₂. The related photoluminescence properties are listed in Table 5, and the excitation and emission spectrum are shown in FIG. 10.

From Table 5 and FIG. 10, it can be known that the emission data of (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈La₃(PO₄)₆(O_(0.9)S_(0.1))₂ is similar to those of Examples 1-13 above. This result shows that the replacement of an O²⁻ ion by a S²⁻ ion has little influence on the excitation and emission spectrum of these compounds.

TABLE 5 Photoluminescence properties of (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈La₃(PO₄)₆(O_(0.9)S_(0.1))₂ Excitation Emission range range (peak) (peak) CIE Examples (nm) (nm) (x, y) 14 (Ca_(0.99)Eu_(0.01))₈La₃(PO₄)₆(O_(0.9)S_(0.1))₂ 240-500 480-800 (0.568, (375) (624) 0.427)

Embodiment 6 Application of (Ca_(0.97)Eu_(0.03))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ on WLEDs

In this embodiment, an InGaN blue light chip capable of emitting 460 nm was used, and various concentrations of (Ca_(0.97)Eu_(0.03))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ were doped in the sealant of the chip to form a white-light emitting diode (WLED). The doping concentrations and related CIE values of the obtained WLEDs are listed in Table 6, and the emission spectrum of the obtained WLEDs are shown in FIG. 11.

TABLE 6 The doping concentrations and related CIE values of the obtained WLEDs Doping concen- Examples tration (wt %) CIE (x, y) 16 50 (0.586, 0.405) 17 45 (0.557, 0.406) 18 40 (0.512, 0.385) 19 35 (0.473, 0.325) 20 30 (0.430, 0.325) 21 25 (0.376, 0.280) 22 20 (0.346, 0.256) 23 15 (0.306, 0.225) 24 10 (0.277, 0.192)

From Table 6 and FIG. 11, it can be known that when the doping concentration of (Ca_(0.97)Eu_(0.03))₈La₂(PO₄)₆O₂ in the sealant decreased, the emitted blue light intensity near 460 nm was increased and the emitted yellow light intensity near 625 nm was decreased. Therefore, the CIE value of the WLEDs can be changed from (0.586, 0.405) of orange yellow light to (0.277, 0.192) of cold white light for Examples 16-24.

In summary, the main emission range of the yellow phosphors having oxyapaptite structure above has longer wavelengths and thus towards red light region. Therefore, using the yellow phosphors above to produce WLEDs can improve the color rendition property of the emitted white light to gain a better quality of white light.

The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with this specification and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.

All the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. 

1. A yellow phosphor having oxyapatite structure and a chemical formula of (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))_(8−y)B_(2+y)(PO₄)_(6−y)(SiO₄)_(y)(O_(1−z)S_(z))₂, wherein A and Eu are divalent metal ions, B is a trivalent metal ion, 0<x≦0.6, 0≦y≦6, and 0≦z≦1.
 2. The yellow phosphor of claim 1, wherein the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆O₂ when both y and z are zero.
 3. The yellow phosphor of claim 1, wherein the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₂B₈(SiO₄)₆O₂ when y is 6 and z is zero.
 4. The yellow phosphor of claim 1, wherein the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₈B₂(PO₄)₆S₂ when y is zero and z is
 1. 5. The yellow phosphor of claim 1, wherein the chemical formula is (A_(1−x)Eu_(x))₂B₈(SiO₄)₆S₂ when y is 6 and z is
 1. 6. The yellow phosphor of claim 1, wherein A is a rare earth metal, Mn, or Zn.
 7. The yellow phosphor of claim 6, wherein the rare earth metal is Sc, Y or a lanthanoid.
 8. The yellow phosphor of claim 1, wherein B is a group 13 metal, a rare earth metal, or Bi.
 9. The yellow phosphor of claim 8, wherein the rare earth metal is Sc, Y and a lanthanoid.
 10. The yellow phosphor of claim 8, wherein the group 13 metal is Al, Ga, or In.
 11. A white-light emitting diode (WLED), comprising: a blue phosphor; and the yellow phosphor of claim
 1. 12. The WLED of claim 11, wherein A is a rare earth metal, Mn, or Zn.
 13. The WLED of claim 12, wherein the rare earth metal is Sc, Y or a lanthanoid.
 14. The WLED of claim 11, wherein B is a group 13 metal, a rare earth metal, or Bi.
 15. The WLED of claim 14, wherein the rare earth metal is Sc, Y or a lanthanoid.
 16. The WLED of claim 14, wherein the group 13 metal is Al, Ga, or In.
 17. A method of preparing the yellow phosphor of claim 1, the method comprising: weighing stoichiometric amounts of raw materials for required elements of the yellow phosphor, wherein the raw materials of the metals in the yellow phosphor is metal oxide or metal carbonate, the raw material of the phosphate in the yellow phosphor is (NH₄)₂HPO₄ or (NH₄)H₂PO₄, the raw material of the silicate in the yellow phosphor is silicon oxide, and the raw material of the sulfur in the yellow phosphor is sulfur powder; uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials; calcining the mixed raw materials in an environment containing oxygen at a temperature of 1200-1400° C. till a product having a pure oxyapatite phase is obtained; and reducing Eu³⁺ of the calcined product to Eu²⁺ in an NH₃ atmosphere at a temperature of 900-1200° C. to obtain the yellow phosphor of claim
 1. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising homogenizing the calcined product before the reducing step. 